小学六年级英语一般过去时的用法

来源:Hellokid在线英语丨2020-05-11 19:44:34

 

 

  小学六年级英语一般过去时的用法

 

  概念
 
  表示在的过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。通常在句子里找到表示过去时间的词或词组。如:yesterday,yesterday morning,yesterday afternoon,yesterday evening,the day before yesterday(前天),last night,last week,last month, last year,a moment ago(刚才),just now(刚才), two days ago,a week ago,in 1990等。
 
  如: I went to bed at eleven last night. 昨晚我11:00睡觉。
 
 
  动词过去式的构成规律
 
  (一)规则动词的过去式
  1.一般情况下,在动词原形后面加-ed;
  look→looked  play→played  start→started  visit→visited
 
  2.以不发音e结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-d;
  live→lived  use→used
 
  3.以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词,先将 y 改为i ,再加 –ed;
  study→studied, try→tried  fly→flied
 
  4.以重读闭音节(即辅音+元音+辅音)或r音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要先双写这个辅音字母后,再加 –ed。
  stop→stopped  plan→planned     drop→dropped
 
 
 
  (二)不规则动词的过去式
 
  1.改变动词中的元音;
  begin→began  drink→drank  come→came  eat→ate  grow→grew  run→ran  know→knew  win→won  speak→spoke take→took  write→wrote  get→got
 
  2.变词尾的–d 为–t ;
  build→built  lend→lent  send→sent  spend→spent  bend→bent
 
  3.与动词原形一样;
  cut→cut  put→put  cost→cost  hurt→hurt  shut→shut
 
  4.变-ay 为-aid (少数动词);
  say→said  pay→paid  lay→laid
 
  5.聘用不同词根;
  sell→sold  teach→taught  buy→bought
 
  6.其他。
  am/is→was  are→were  have/has→had  do→did
 
 
  加“-ed”后的读音方法
 
  1.ed加在清辅音后面读/t/。
  finished /-t/    help /-t/   asked /-t/
 
  2.ed加在浊辅音或元音结尾的,读/d/。
  played /-d/    lived /-d/    enjoyed /-d/
 
  3.ed加在/t/或/d/后面,读/id/。
  wanted /-tid/    needed /-did/    visited /-tid/
 
 
 
  句式变化
 
  (一)一般过去时的一般疑问句
 
  1.把was, were放在句首,其余位置不变。由Was??引导的一般疑问句,肯定答为:Yes,… was. 否定回答为:No,…. wasn’t. 由Were??引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答为:Yes,… were. 否定回答为:No,… weren’t.
 
  如:
 
  (1)I was at home.  →Were you at home?
  →Yes, I was. (肯定回答)  →No, I wasn’t. (否定回答)
 
  (2)They were at Li Yan’s home last night.
  →Were they at Li Yan’s home last night?
  →Yes, they were. (肯定回答)  →No, they weren’t. (否定回答)
 
 
  2.在行为动词的句子中,要用助动词词did来引导,其余的语序不变。要注意的是,要把行为动词的过去式改为原形。肯定回答为:Yes, ?did. 否定回答:No, ?didn’t.
 
  如:John played computer games last night.→Did John play computer games last night?
  →Yes, he did. (肯定回答)  →No, he didn’t. (否定回答)
 
 
 
  (二)一般过去时的否定句
 
  1.在表示过去存在的状态的句子中,相接在was, were的后面加上not。
 
  如:
 
  (1)He was in the park the day before yesterday.
  →He was not in the park the day before yesterday.
 
  (2)We were busy last week.
  →We were not busy last week.
 
 
  2.在表示过去的时间发生的动作的句子中,要在行为动词的前面加助动词didn’t.然后把过去式的行为动词改为动词原形。即:didn’t + 动词原形。
 
  如:
 
  (1)She played the violin last night.
  →She didn’t play the violin last night.
 
  (2)They swam in the lake yesterday.
  →They didn’t swim in the lake yesterday.
 
 
 
  (三)、一般过去式的特殊疑问句
 
  1.What did ? ?(主要是询问过去发生了什么事情,注意要把过去式改为动词原形。)
  We ate Chinese food last night.
  →What did we eat last night?
 
  2.Where did  ?( 主要是询问过去事情发生的地方。)
  They sang and dance in the music room yesterday morning.
  →Where did they sing and dance yesterday morning?
 
  3.Who + 动词过去式 ? ?( 主要是询问过去事情发生的人物。)
   and Tom climbed mountains last weekend.
  →Who climbed mountains last weekend?
 
 
 
  二、句子结构
 
  1.在表示某个时间里存在的状态的句子,系动词用过式was,were构成。
 
  如:
 
  (1)I was at home yesterday. 昨天我在家。
 
  (2)We were in the gym just now. 刚才我们在体育馆。
 
 
  2.在表示过去某个时间里发生的动作,用动词的过去式构成。
 
  如:I visited my uncle yesterday. 昨天我拜访了我的叔叔。
 
 
  3.各种句式  
 
  (1)一般过去时的肯定陈述句:
 
  主语     +   动词过去式 + 宾语或表语。
  He            worked        in Shanghai     ten years ago.
 
 
  (2)一般过去时的否定句:
 
  a.主语 + didn’t + 动词原形  +  宾语。  (did + not = didn't)
  He     didn't     do        morning exercises   yesterday.
  b.主语 + wasn’t/weren’t +表语。(was + not = wasn't  were + not = weren't)
  He     wasn't       an  English  teacher      ten years ago.
 
 
  (3)一般过去时的一般疑问句:
 
  a.Did + 主语 + 动词原形  +  宾语 ?
  Did    you     study         English     in 1990 ?
  b.Was/Were  + 主语 + 表语 ?
  Was          he    a  pupil      five years ago ?
 
 
  (4)一般过去时的特殊疑问句:
 
  a.特殊疑问词  +  did  +  主语    +  动词原形  + 宾语?
  Where           did   your parents     live         five years ago?
  What            did    you           do          last Sunday?
  b.特殊疑问词 + were/was + 表语?
  Who           was       at the zoo      yesterday?
 
(责任编辑:hellokid)

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